Since prehistoric times, paint has been used especially for cave paintings by Homo sapiens. Also paint was made with the yolk of eggs and therefore, the substance would harden and stick onto the surface applied. Pigments3 were made from plants, sands, and different soil types. Until the early 1950’s, the vehicles, which is the liquid part of the paint, used in paints were principally natural polyunsaturated oils such as tung, fish, and linseed oils. Alkyd resins, which are durable synthetic resins widely used in adhesives and paints, were introduced into the industry during the 1940s and have since become the basis of nearly all oil-based paints. Water-based paints based on poly(vinyl acetate) or acrylic resins were introduced during the 1950s and became increasingly popular. The introduction of easily dispersible pigments, universal stainers, during the 1960s meant that the retailer needed to keep only white paint bases, and add small quantities of universal stainers to obtain a wide range of colours.
Paint3 is any liquid or liquifiable,in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. Paint can be applied in three states: as a gas, liquid or solid. There many types of paint such as oil paints, water-based paints, and arylic paint. The basic function4 of paint, the protection of a surface from the action of light, water, and air, is achieved by the application of a thin, resistant, impervious, flexible film to the surface. The film usually contains pigments to hide and decorate the surface. Thus paints have two basic components: the vehicle4 or binder- the liquid part of the paint, which polymerises in some way to provide the bonding and protective film. The pigment is a solid, suspended in the vehicle, which is opaque, scatters light, and colours the film.
Some pigments are toxic, such as the lead pigments that are used in lead paint. Paint manufacturers began replacing white lead pigments with a less toxic substitute, titanium white or titanium dioxide, even before lead was functionally banned in paint for residential use in 1978 by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. The titanium dioxide used in most paints today is often coated with silicon or aluminum oxides for various reasons such as better exterior durability, or better hiding performance.
Many new developments have been founded in the field of paint over the decades. Color changing paints are new technologies being developed in the field of paint. Thermochromic paints and coatings contain materials that change conformation when heat is applied, and so they change color. This new technology is found in mood rings and on baby bottles. Electrochromic paints change color in response to an applied electric current. Car manufacturer Nissan2 has been reportedly working on an electrochromic paint for use in its vehicles, based on particles of paramagnetic iron oxide. When subjected to an electromagnetic field the paramagnetic particles change spacing, modifying their color and reflective properties. The electromagnetic field would be formed using the conductive metal of the car body. Electrochromic paints can be applied to plastic substrates as well, using a different coating chemistry.
Also photochromic paint is a form of paint where the dyes change color when exposed to UV rays. This form of technology5 can be found in sunglasses and in nail polishes such as Del Sol1 nail polishes. Del Sol make nail polish that change from one glittery color to another bright color in sunlight. I decided to experiment with two of these nail polishes by applying them other surfaces besides someone’s nails.
In conclusion, paint can come in many forms which provides several ways of covering surfaces while decorating them at the same time. Many new technologies have advanced the use of paint in everyday life both industrially and luxury. Also the development of color changing paint gives paint many more uses. Photochromic paint can be experimented with in many ways that I will be playing with.
Procedure
The first step I did for my experiment was I cut small rectangular shapes out of alumimun foil, wax paper, cardboard paper, and plastic from a plastic bag. Then I took my two Del Sol nail polishes: one that was a white creamy color and one that was a greenish color. Then I made three lines of each polish on opposite sides of each surface. I then each surface into a safety google cabinet which emits a UV light to clean the googles. I then put the timer on for five minutes to activate the color change.
Results
After 5 minutes of exposure to UV lights, I opened the cabinent to observe each surfaces. I noticed that all of the surfaces that only the white creamy polish change to a pinkish color but the greenish polish stayed the same color. I put them back in for eight minutes but still got the exact same results.
Conclusions
Even though my results were one-sided, I found these color-changing nail polishes very interesting and fun to work with. I was able to see how photochromic paints work and also the idea of other color-changing paints. My source of error with the other nail polish might be not enough exposure to UV lights or the particular bottle of nail polish was obselete. I could build on this experiment by trying to see if by adding certain compounds to the polish will it affect its ability to change colors under UV lights.
References
1. Del Sol. N.p., 2010. Web. 3 May 2010. <http://www.delsol.com/store/
Women_Nail_Polish_Color_Change_Nail_Polish_Island_Fever_8050>.
2. Hill, Brandon. "Nissan Develops Color Changing Paint for Vehicles." Daily Tech. N.p., 9 Nov. 2007.
Web. 21 Mar. 2010. <http://www.dailytech.com/
Nissan+Develops+Color+Changing+Paint+for+Vehicles/article9611.htm>.
3."Paint." wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. <http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint>.
4. Selinger, Ben. "Chemistry of paints, ahdhesives, enamels, and concrete." Chemistry in the Marketplace. Ed. Ken Tate. 5th ed. 1998. 301-307. Print.
Table of Contents
Paint
Sidki
Introduction
Since prehistoric times, paint has been used especially for cave paintings by Homo sapiens. Also paint was made with the yolk of eggs and therefore, the substance would harden and stick onto the surface applied. Pigments3 were made from plants, sands, and different soil types. Until the early 1950’s, the vehicles, which is the liquid part of the paint, used in paints were principally natural polyunsaturated oils such as tung, fish, and linseed oils. Alkyd resins, which are durable synthetic resins widely used in adhesives and paints, were introduced into the industry during the 1940s and have since become the basis of nearly all oil-based paints. Water-based paints based on poly(vinyl acetate) or acrylic resins were introduced during the 1950s and became increasingly popular. The introduction of easily dispersible pigments, universal stainers, during the 1960s meant that the retailer needed to keep only white paint bases, and add small quantities of universal stainers to obtain a wide range of colours.
Paint3 is any liquid or liquifiable,in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. Paint can be applied in three states: as a gas, liquid or solid. There many types of paint such as oil paints, water-based paints, and arylic paint. The basic function4 of paint, the protection of a surface from the action of light, water, and air, is achieved by the application of a thin, resistant, impervious, flexible film to the surface. The film usually contains pigments to hide and decorate the surface. Thus paints have two basic components: the vehicle4 or binder- the liquid part of the paint, which polymerises in some way to provide the bonding and protective film. The pigment is a solid, suspended in the vehicle, which is opaque, scatters light, and colours the film.
Some pigments are toxic, such as the lead pigments that are used in lead paint. Paint manufacturers began replacing white lead pigments with a less toxic substitute, titanium white or titanium dioxide, even before lead was functionally banned in paint for residential use in 1978 by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. The titanium dioxide used in most paints today is often coated with silicon or aluminum oxides for various reasons such as better exterior durability, or better hiding performance.
Many new developments have been founded in the field of paint over the decades. Color changing paints are new technologies being developed in the field of paint. Thermochromic paints and coatings contain materials that change conformation when heat is applied, and so they change color. This new technology is found in mood rings and on baby bottles. Electrochromic paints change color in response to an applied electric current. Car manufacturer Nissan2 has been reportedly working on an electrochromic paint for use in its vehicles, based on particles of paramagnetic iron oxide. When subjected to an electromagnetic field the paramagnetic particles change spacing, modifying their color and reflective properties. The electromagnetic field would be formed using the conductive metal of the car body. Electrochromic paints can be applied to plastic substrates as well, using a different coating chemistry.
Also photochromic paint is a form of paint where the dyes change color when exposed to UV rays. This form of technology5 can be found in sunglasses and in nail polishes such as Del Sol1 nail polishes. Del Sol make nail polish that change from one glittery color to another bright color in sunlight. I decided to experiment with two of these nail polishes by applying them other surfaces besides someone’s nails.
In conclusion, paint can come in many forms which provides several ways of covering surfaces while decorating them at the same time. Many new technologies have advanced the use of paint in everyday life both industrially and luxury. Also the development of color changing paint gives paint many more uses. Photochromic paint can be experimented with in many ways that I will be playing with.
Procedure
The first step I did for my experiment was I cut small rectangular shapes out of alumimun foil, wax paper, cardboard paper, and plastic from a plastic bag. Then I took my two Del Sol nail polishes: one that was a white creamy color and one that was a greenish color. Then I made three lines of each polish on opposite sides of each surface. I then each surface into a safety google cabinet which emits a UV light to clean the googles. I then put the timer on for five minutes to activate the color change.
Results
After 5 minutes of exposure to UV lights, I opened the cabinent to observe each surfaces. I noticed that all of the surfaces that only the white creamy polish change to a pinkish color but the greenish polish stayed the same color. I put them back in for eight minutes but still got the exact same results.
Conclusions
Even though my results were one-sided, I found these color-changing nail polishes very interesting and fun to work with. I was able to see how photochromic paints work and also the idea of other color-changing paints. My source of error with the other nail polish might be not enough exposure to UV lights or the particular bottle of nail polish was obselete. I could build on this experiment by trying to see if by adding certain compounds to the polish will it affect its ability to change colors under UV lights.
References
1. Del Sol. N.p., 2010. Web. 3 May 2010. <http://www.delsol.com/store/Women_Nail_Polish_Color_Change_Nail_Polish_Island_Fever_8050>.
2. Hill, Brandon. "Nissan Develops Color Changing Paint for Vehicles." Daily Tech. N.p., 9 Nov. 2007.
Web. 21 Mar. 2010. <http://www.dailytech.com/
Nissan+Develops+Color+Changing+Paint+for+Vehicles/article9611.htm>.
3."Paint." wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. <http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint>.
4. Selinger, Ben. "Chemistry of paints, ahdhesives, enamels, and concrete." Chemistry in the
Marketplace. Ed. Ken Tate. 5th ed. 1998. 301-307. Print.
5. N.d. Transitions. Web. 3 May 2010. <http://us.transitions.com/NR/rdonlyres/
CF53A0BE-1CDC-440D-AD89-E39C800AD9AD/0/TechNotesPART4_p2328.pdf>.